$Jefferson fracture$

$jefferson fracture$

1) is isolated anterior or posterior arc fracture (3145) type 2 (Fig. Because halo vest placement is associated with intracranial infection and a significant degree of patient discomfort, slightly less rigid forms of external immobilization may be useful for the treatment of stable Jefferson fractures. Or hyperflexion causing the vertebrae bodies to collide and form a teardrop fragment of the superior vertebrae displacing the body and disrupting the posterior longitudinal ligament. C1 fractures are classified in 3 types 3, 4. Hyperextension of the anterior longitudinal ligament avulsing a teardropВ fragment of the body. Bilateral C2 pedicle fracture, causing anterior dislocation of C2 vertebral body onto C3. Extreme hyperextension injury - MVC, diving, judicial hangings. Flexion injury with injury to ligaments stabilizing atlanto-occipital joint.

$jefferson fracture$

Called 'internal decapitation' because it is frequently fatal. jefferson fractures of c1constitutes 25 of all craniocervical injuries, 2-13 of all cervical spine injuries, and approximately 1.3 of all spinal fractures.1,2there is a high prevalence of concomitant fractures of the axis, especially odontoid fractures. Type III - extension of fracture to the upper portion of body Type II - fracture through waist, or base of odontoid near attachment to C2 Anterior and posterior ligaments are disrupted. Hyperflexion injury (rapid deceleration)В causing anterior dislocation of superior vertebral body by 50% of the body's AP diameter. Associated with other cervical fractures, vertebral aa injury. Axial loading force (diving)В transmitted to C1 causing a bilateral fracture of the ring. The mnemonic to remember unstable C-spine fractures and dislocations is 'Jefferson bit off a hangman's thumb.' This is presumptive evidence of a Jefferson fracture.Today's POTD is on trauma, which will be the topic every Tuesday. Offsets of the lateral masses of CI on C2 (white arrows). An open mouth view of the cervical spine (upper) shows bilateral lateral Treatments include collar or brace for 3 months all the way through cranial traction.Depends in part on whether there is damage to the transverse ligament and the degree of offset of C1 on C2.The last image is a CT axial view, which clearly shows the location of the fractures of C1. The second image is a coronal reconstruction from a CT, which confirms the findings from the odontoid view. The first image is the odontoid view, which illustrates the lateral displacement of C1. A hangman's fracture occurs on both sides of this bone. This bone forms a ring around your spinal cord. Demonstrates the number of fractures, their locations and degree of displacement of fragments Here is an example of Jefferson fracture. The Jefferson fracture classification system describes fractures of the atlas (first cervical vertebra or C1). A hangman's fracture is a break in the second vertebra of your neck, called the C2, or axis.Pre-dentate space (distance between the anterior tubercle of C1 and the dens) may be widened to greater than 3 mm if there is damage to the transverse ligament.May show prevertebral soft tissue swelling anterior to C1.Classically there is bilateral, lateral offset of C1 on C2.Open-mouth (odontoid) view is the most revealing.Neurological examination is usually normal.Patients usually complain of upper neck pain following trauma.Approx 1/3 of Jefferson fractures are associated with a fracture of C2.Another mechanism is falling onto the head from a height.It may also occur from motor vehicle accidents in which the head is thrown forcefully against the windshield, frequently producing both hyperextension and compression.Today, this most frequently occurs when diving into shallow water, the head strikes an obstacle (or the bottom of the pool) and the force is transmitted to the cervical spine.He described the role of axial compression.Original description in 1920 by Sir Geoffrey Jefferson, an English neurologist and neurosurgeon, in вЂњ Fracture of the atlas vertebra: report of four cases, and a review of those previously recorded that appeared in the British Journal of Surgery.There is usually no associated neurologic deficit as the ring of C1 widens when it fractures limiting cord compression.But fracture variants may include two or three-part fractures.Classically, it involves fractures of the anterior arch of C1 on both the right and left sides and the posterior arch of C1 on both the right and left sides (4 fractures).Typically caused by an axial-loading force on the occiput of the head.

$Jefferson fracture$